granger



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Patented Feb.. 3,1885.

A. o. GRANGBR su J. H. GQLLINS. J1. APPARATUS FOR MANUFAGTURING GAS. No.311.483.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. 0. GRANGBR & J. H. COLLINS, Jr.

APPARATUS'FOR MANUFAGTURING GAS.

Patented Feb. 3, 1885.

ARTHUR O. GRANGER AND JOSEPH H.

Partnr tries.

COLLINS, JR., OF PHILADELPHIA, PA.

APPARATUS Fon MaNur-Acnnlne eas.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. S11/83, dated February3, 1885.

A pplication filed June 13, 18S3. (No model.)

T0 all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, ARTHUR O. GRANGER and Josnrrr H. CoLLnvs, J r.,both ofthe city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State ofPennsylvania, have invented an Improvement `in Apparatus forManufacturing Gas, of which the following is a speciication.

Our invention has reference to gas appara` tus; and it consists inproviding the generator grate-bars with small retaining-bars or a plate,which may be forced inward, but not outward, to prevent the coal workingout over the end of the grate into the ash-pit, and also to enableclinkers to be broken to a size easily removable; further, in formingthe superheater in a water-gas apparatus of this description with two ormore vertical walls, the compartment in direct connection with thegenerator' being preferably the largest, and into which the oil or duidhydrocarbon is sprayed or injected, the chambers formed by said wallsbeing connected alternately at top and bottom, whereby the oil is morerapidly vaporized by the gases from the generator and without danger ofcarbonization or the production oflampblack, and the super-heater iseasily kept clean and in good working condition; further, in a peculiarconstruction of the washer or seal by which it is supported on a levelwith the top of the superheater and upon the condenser or scrubber, itbeing made integral therewith, and in details of construction, all ofwhich are fully set forth in the following specification, and shown inthe accompanying drawings, which form part thereof.

Heretofore it has been customary to build the generators andsuperheaters of substantially the same height, or where the height wasincreased the diameter was decreased. The coal bed in the generator hasbeen usually from six to eight feet 1n height, as it was not deemedpossible to produce a gas rich in carbonio oxide and a large yieldwithout making the coal bed very deep. XVe have found, however, that inpractice a shallow bed of coal, say two to three feet deep or thick, anddiameter of, say, iive to eight feet, using the same quantity of coal ormore than has heretofore been used, not only produced a more effectiveWatergas, but a much larger yield in a given time and from a givenamount of coal, for it is far more easily heated up by the blast, and

the gas-runs can be more numerous, and the height to lift the ashes fromthe generator-pit is greatly reduced. A coal bed as heretoforeconstructed that would give one run per hour of five thousand cubic feetper run will, with this arrangement of the coalbed, give at least threegas-runs per hour with a generation of ten thousand cubic feet per hour,thus showing the great advantage of a coal bed having a large area andsmall depth, and being prop ortionallysmall in comparison with thesuperheater. These latter relative dimensions are necessary, as thesuperheater will have a much larger duty to perform, and will absorbnearly all of the heat generated by the burning of the carbonio oxide toacid therein. By this arrangement the oil is entirely vaporized by theheat of the water-gas, and so not allowed to reach the bottom ofthechamber and be wastedV by reason of not being taken up by the watergas.Thus great economy is attained in the use of oil in this way.

Usually, as hereinbefore specified, the practice has been to carry ingenerators about a seven or eight feet deep bed of coal, with the resultthat before the top of the coal can be sufficiently hot to vaporize theoil, (which is necessary in the Lowe and many other methods,) the bottomlayers of coal are burnt up and wasted. le carry less than a three-footbed of coal, and blow up the heat in five to ten minutes, and the wholebed of coal is in condition to decompose steam. NVe get more gas from agiven quantity of coal and in less time and with less carbonic acid, byreason of being able to blow up the coal beds quicker, and so maintainthem at higher temperatures, it being a well-known fact that deleteriousproducts are formed at low heats, and our method of spraying in the oilunder high pressure enables us to run at heats so high that under theold method would form lampblack at once. rAs we depend mainly upon theheat of the water-gas to vaporize the oil, we can make gas with the coalon top at any temperature from a white-heat down to substantially coldcoal, and so less skillandj udgment are required in operating the works,and at the same time the maximum amount of gas from. the minimumquantity of materials and labor is attained.

ICO

We are aware that it is not new for gasproducers to be connected withregenerators by masonry walls common to both, and in which the gas isconveyed to said regenerators from said producers by a circuitouspassage; but we do deem it novel in the construction of gas apparatussuch as set forth in our patent herein referred t0, and such as shown inthis application, to connect the two sheetmetal cylinders or casesconstituting` the generator and superheater together by rivets or bolts,after so forming the adjacent edges (the bottom of the superheater andtop of generator) that they merge into each other in such a manner thatthe main part of the top of the generator is exposed, no cast-iron flueor neck is required to connect them, and a short direct passage for thegas is made between said generator and superheater, the fire-bricklining partly resting upon and being supported by the lining of saidgenerator.

In the drawings, Figure l is a sectional elevation of our improved gasapparatus. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of same on line x x, and Fig.3 is a front elevation of the generator with the doors open.

A is the generator, and consists of a sheetiron shell lined withfire-brick in the usual manner, the interior chamber being slightlyconical. g

I is the charging-door.

B is the ash-pit.

C are the grate-bars.

E are the auxiliary bars, and are pivoted or hinged to or may be castsolid with the frame of the generator or door-plate. mer case they canbe pushed up to admit a poker or other fire-tool, but' resist theoutward passage of coal or clinkers, which have heretofore been allowedto pass over the ends of the grate-bars C into the ash-pit.

In place of making the bars E separate, or even toothed, a solid platemay be used therefor, and its lower end may rest upon the gratebars C.

D is the cleaning-door.

G is the blast-pipe, and H the steam-pipe.

J is the superheater, and consists of a sheetiron shell lined withfire-brick, forming vertical compartments K K K2, the two former ofwhich are connected at the top and the two vlatter at the bottom. Thissuperheater is built upon a corner of the generator,as shown, the jointbeing made vat L. This enables us to dispense with the independent pipeor connecting-flue between the generator and superheater heretoforeused, and requires but a short passage, 7c, to connect the top of thegenerator with the bottom of compartment or chamber K of thesuperheater, thus prevent- :ing loss of heat by radiation. The lining ofthe superheater is in line with that of the generator, so that it issupported directly by the generator on one side. This connection ofsuperheater and generatoris cheap to make, durable in ferm, and embodiesdecided ad- Vantages in working the apparatus. By sup- In the forlporting one edge of the superheater directly upon the generator andriveting the sheet-iron casings together, as shown, it is evident thatthe generator or superheater cannot settle unevenly, as was formerly thecase when a short pipe or iiue was used, and in that case, when unevensettling took place, the connectingflue was strained, and therebycrackedor caused to leak at the joints, causing loss of gas. Again, this methodof supporting the superheater enables the bottom to be left free. ifdesired, for the attachment of blast-pipes or cleaning-doors. v

G is a blast-pipe which enters the bottom of chamber K.

G2 is a blast-pipe, and enters the bottom of chambers K K'l and forcesthe air in an opposite direction to the passage of the gas to partiallyarrest its passage, for the purpose of causing it to give up as muchheat as possible before passing into the atmosphere. The compartment orchamber K is preferably larger than the others, as it is to receive thesprayed oil from a nozzle, M, through which oil is forced by pump M andpipe m under high pressure; but, if desired, it may be admitted intosaid chamber in any other manner.

jj are cleaning-doors.

R is the smoke-outlet or chimneyfiue, and It is the valve thereof.

Q is the condenser, and is made integral with the seal O, the latterbeing formed in the top of the former by a division-plate or diaphragm,p, above which water is held, the gas passing from washer O to thecondenser by pipe P.

N is a gas-pipe connecting the top of chamber KZ with the verticalseal-pipe N on the bottom of which the water-seal n works, being movedvertically by arod, S,worked by a cranky, on the shaft S,Which works thesmokevalve R', whereby the closing of the smokevalve will open thewater-seal, and viceversa.

t is a water-pipe which discharges water into the top of pipe N',through which it falls into cup or seal u. If desired, Q may be thescrubber, as the principle would be the same.

By forming the washer or gas seal upon the top of the condenser orscrubber much iioorspace is saved, and works of this class could be putinto buildings already erected where there would not be sufficient roomif the said washer or seal were on the iioor.

The operation-is as follows: The apparatus being in the condition shown,steam having been shut oft' from H and oil from M, the air blown in at Gheats up the coal bedF rapidly, it being sl1allow. and the products ofcombustion are burned in the superheater by air from blast-pipes G andG,the resulting products passing oft' by smoke-flue R. Now the air is shutoff from pipes G, G', and G2, and valve R closed, and seal n opened.Steam is admitted by pipe H, and oil by nozzle M. The steam isdecomposed into hydrogen, carbonio oxide, and a small amout of carbonioacid, and passes into the chamber K of the lOO IIO

superheater,where it meets with the descending shower ofinely-subdivided hydrocarbon oil or pulverized carbon,which itimmediately vaporizes, and the resulting mixture is then passed throughues or chambers K K2, where it is fixed by the radiant heat ofthe walls,then through pipes N N,washer or seal box O, pipe I), condenser Q, andpipe T to holder. By forming the chamber K high and open the sprayed oilis vaporized to a great extent by the heat of the water-gas, and so notallowed to reach the bottom of the chamber, and be wasted by reason or"not being taken up by the water-gas. p By using a shallow bed of coalthe gases evolved in heatingup are not of such a character as to depositsoot on the walls of the superheater, hence the su perheater seldomrequires cleaning.

While we prefer the details ot' construction shown, it is evident thatthey may be modified without departing from our invention.

In this application we make no claim to the relative size of generatorand su perheater, nor to the shallow bed of coal in the generator,asthat forms subject-matter of another pending application of Arthur O.Granger.

I-Iavingnow described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

l. A generator in which to generate watergas, in combination with a hightlue or chamber unobstructed from top to bottoni,the top of saidgenerator opening into the bottom of said chamber, and means to sprayoil under high pressure into the top of said chamber and al low it tofall in the form of tinely-divided spray, causing it to pass in anopposite direction to the passage ofthe water-gas,where by it is allvaporized and carried oft' by said water-gas, substantially as and forthe purpose specitied.

2. A generator in which to generate watergas, in combination with a highvertical ilue or chamber, means projecting through the roof of saidchamber or flue to spray oil under high pressure into the top of thesame and allow it to fall, causing it to pass in an opposite directionto the passage ofthe watergas, whereby it is all vaporized and carriedoft by 4said water-gas. and a fixing-chamber in which said gases arelixed, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. The combination of a generator, A, having blast-pipe G and steam-pipeH, with a superheater, J, provided with vertical walls forming chambersK K K2, blast-pipes to admit air to said chambers, and a nozzle or pipeto admit fluid hydrocarbon to carburet the water-gas, substantially asand for the purpose specified.

4. The combination of generator A, having blast-pipe G and steam-pipe H,with a superheater, J provided with vertical walls forming chamber K KK2, blast-pipes to admit air to said chambers, a nozzle or pipe to admitfluid hydrocarbon to carburet the water-gas, smokeilue R, valve R',water-seal n, and seal-box O, substantially as and for the purposespecified.

5. The generator A, provided with gratebars C, in combination withauxiliary hinged bars or plate E, which may be forced inward by thestoking-bar, but not outward, substantially as and for the purposespecified.

6. A gas generator and superheater having sheet-iron casings, andsupported at different levels, the bottom of the superheater being lalittle lower than the top of the generator, and being so combined thatthe two easings merge into each other and are secured together by rivetsor bolts, the adjacent parts of the linings in said generator andsuperheater being in the same vertical line, so that the superheatercasing and lining are partly supported by the generator, substantiallyas shown.

7. The combination of a generator and a superheater with pipes NN,waterseal n, box or tank O, pipe P, and condenser or scrubber Q. thesaid box O being made integral with the condenser or scrubber,substantially as and for the purpose speciiied.

8. The combination ot' a generator and superheater with a condenser andseal-box, the said seal-box being supported upon and made integral withsaid condenser, whereby it is supported close to the top of thesuperheater, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony of which invention we hereunto set our hands.

A. O. GRANGER. JOS. H. COLLINS, JR.

Witnesses:

L. SIMPsoN, A. L. DUNTON.

